Which of the following is considered a characteristic of a negative school environment?

High rates of disruption and violence are indicative of a negative school environment because they create a climate of fear and instability, which can severely hinder learning and teaching. When students and staff feel unsafe or threatened, it can lead to increased anxiety and decreased motivation. This kind of environment undermines the educational process, making it difficult for students to focus on their studies and for teachers to deliver effective instruction.

In contrast, the other characteristics, such as encouragement of student participation, supportive relationships among staff and students, and open communication between parents and teachers, all contribute to a positive school environment. These attributes foster collaboration, engagement, and a sense of belonging, which are essential for academic success and overall student well-being.